Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Association of AIS and Radar Data in Intelligent Navigation in Inland Waterways Based on Trajectory Characteristics
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060890 (registering DOI) - 27 May 2024
Abstract
Intelligent navigation is a crucial component of intelligent ships. This study focuses on the situational awareness of intelligent navigation in inland waterways with high vessel traffic densities and increased collision risks, which demand enhanced vessel situational awareness. To address perception data association issues
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Intelligent navigation is a crucial component of intelligent ships. This study focuses on the situational awareness of intelligent navigation in inland waterways with high vessel traffic densities and increased collision risks, which demand enhanced vessel situational awareness. To address perception data association issues in situational awareness, particularly in scenarios with winding waterways and multiple vessel encounters, a method based on trajectory characteristics is proposed to determine associations between Automatic Identification System (AIS) and radar objects, facilitating the fusion of heterogeneous data. Firstly, trajectory characteristics like speed, direction, turning rate, acceleration, and trajectory similarity were extracted from ship radar and AIS data to construct labeled trajectory datasets. Subsequently, by employing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, we accomplished the discernment of associations among the trajectories of vessels collected through AIS and radar, thereby achieving the association of heterogeneous data. Finally, through a series of experiments, including overtaking, encounters, and multi-target scenarios, this research substantiated the method, achieving an F1 score greater than 0.95. Consequently, this study can furnish robust support for the perception of intelligent vessel navigation in inland waterways and the elevation of maritime safety.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Ships and Waterways: Design, Operation and Advanced Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
Design and Analysis of a Buoy-Based Cable Seafloor Observatory System Response under Extreme Weather Conditions
by
Wenjie Zhou, Yanjun Li, Yulu Zhang, Qingyan Jiang, Dong Chen, Yanzhen Gu and Yuan Lin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060889 (registering DOI) - 27 May 2024
Abstract
In order to address the requirements of scientific multidisciplinary observation in diverse small-scale regions, we have introduced the Buoy-based Cable Seafloor Observatory System (BCSOS). This system offers a distinct advantage in contexts where the use of shorter cables is feasible, contrasting with the
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In order to address the requirements of scientific multidisciplinary observation in diverse small-scale regions, we have introduced the Buoy-based Cable Seafloor Observatory System (BCSOS). This system offers a distinct advantage in contexts where the use of shorter cables is feasible, contrasting with the lengthy cables typically necessary for conventional observatories. The BCSOS consists of three primary components: the Real-Time Electric Communication (RTEC) Buoy, the Power Information Transmission System (PITS), and the Seafloor Observation Subsystem (SOS). The RTEC Buoy is equipped with instruments for measuring sea surface parameters and serves as a data and power hub. The PITS, comprising a robust EM cable, connects the buoy to the SOS, which houses instruments for seafloor observations. The system is designed for a maximum water depth of 100 m and has an expected lifespan of about 5 years. The BCSOS prototypes were deployed at the Huangqi Peninsula, Fujian Province, and successfully documented the process during Typhoon Doksuri (international code 2305) at the end of July 2023. The recorded data from the BCSOS revealed a significant increase in wave height and period as the storm approached the Huangqi Peninsula. Additionally, the RTEC buoy exhibited a notable response to the large waves. The data analysis revealed a distinct pattern between the buoy response and the direction of wave propagation across various sea conditions, that the buoy’s angular movement in pitch and roll directions follows a regular elliptical distribution corresponding to different wave propagation directions. Upon thorough evaluation, future enhancements to the system are slated to concentrate on refining its design, with a particular emphasis on bolstering stability and enhancing corrosion resistance. These improvements are aimed at cementing the system’s long-term viability and performance within the challenging marine environment.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of Marine Structures)
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Open AccessArticle
Study on Sensitivity Mechanism of Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoir in Huilu Area of Pearl River Mouth Basin
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Hongbo Li, Lin Ding, Qibiao Zang, Qiongling Wu, Yongkun Ma, Yuchen Wang, Sandong Zhou, Qiaoyun Cheng, Xin Tian, Jiancheng Niu and Mengdi Sun
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060888 (registering DOI) - 27 May 2024
Abstract
Reservoir sensitivity is a parameter that is used to evaluate the degree of change in reservoir permeability under the influence of external fluids. Accurate evaluation of reservoir sensitivity is conducive to the optimization of fluid parameters during exploration and development. Taking the Wenchang
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Reservoir sensitivity is a parameter that is used to evaluate the degree of change in reservoir permeability under the influence of external fluids. Accurate evaluation of reservoir sensitivity is conducive to the optimization of fluid parameters during exploration and development. Taking the Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation of the Paleogene in the Huilu area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin as the research object, reservoir sensitivity experiments were carried out. Combined with the corresponding experimental results obtained using methods such as thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and screening analysis, based on mineral sensitization and pore structure sensitization, qualitative and quantitative evaluations of reservoir sensitivity were carried out, and factors affecting sensitivity and sensitization mechanisms were analyzed. This work shows the following: (1) The sandstone reservoirs in the two areas have the same clay type, but the total clay content of the Wenchang Formation is greater than that of the Enping Formation. The porosity of the Wenchang Formation is less developed than the Enping Formation. (2) The Wenchang Formation has weak or moderately weak water sensitivity and moderately weak or moderately strong flow velocity sensitivity. The water sensitivity of the Enping Group samples is moderately weak or moderately strong, the flow rate sensitivity is moderately weak, the alkali sensitivity is weak, the acid sensitivity is moderately weak, and the salinity sensitivity is moderately weak or moderately strong. (3) The sensitivity of the Wenchang Formation is mainly affected by the content of clay minerals. The sensitivity of the Enping Formation is also affected by the clay content and type. Although the clay content is not high, the permeability is more susceptible to sensitivity due to the pore structure and debris particle distribution characteristics. These conclusions are beneficial for the selection of fluid parameters and efficient reservoir development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploration and Development of Marine Energy)
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Open AccessArticle
Molecular Characterization of the Actin Gene and 5′ Flanking Sequence from Brown Macroalga Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)
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Hao Xu, Zhenghua Wang, Yichen Zhang and Peng Jiang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060887 (registering DOI) - 27 May 2024
Abstract
The brown macroalga Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) is the most productive cultured seaweed in the world. In order to improve the biosafety of transgenic kelp, it is necessary to develop endogenous constitutive promoters, replacing those of virus origin. In this study, the housekeeping
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The brown macroalga Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) is the most productive cultured seaweed in the world. In order to improve the biosafety of transgenic kelp, it is necessary to develop endogenous constitutive promoters, replacing those of virus origin. In this study, the housekeeping actin gene from S. japonica (SjACT) was found to contain three exons and two introns, representing a unique actin gene structure pattern in brown algae. Additionally, the 5′ upstream region was obtained using genome walking, and fused to the reporter gene lacZ or EGFP to construct promoter-detective vectors. Using an established genetic transformation system, kelps in different life-cycle stages were transformed. The detection results showed that, in the diploid sporophyte stage, the transient expression from the lacZ gene could be observed in the frond, stipe, or holdfast of kelps, indicating a manner of being non-tissue-specific. And, in the haploid gametophyte stage of S. japonica, the fluorescence of the expressed EGFP were detected in vivo in gametophyte cells of both genders. These results indicate that the promoter of the SjACT gene (pSjACT) functions in a constitutive manner and is expected to be a key endogenous element in the genetic manipulation of kelps.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Biotechnology: Unleashing the Potential of Algae for a Sustainable Tomorrow)
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Open AccessArticle
Probabilistic Prediction of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform Motions via Uncertainty Quantification and Information Integration
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Na Li, Guang Zou, Yu Feng and Liaqat Ali
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060886 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
The accurate prediction of short-term platform motions in a real environment is crucial for the safe design, operation, and maintenance of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Numerical simulations of motions are typically associated with high uncertainties due to abstracted theoretical models, empirical parameters,
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The accurate prediction of short-term platform motions in a real environment is crucial for the safe design, operation, and maintenance of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Numerical simulations of motions are typically associated with high uncertainties due to abstracted theoretical models, empirical parameters, initial environment parameters, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate other sources of information associated with less uncertainty, e.g., monitoring data, for accurate predictions. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic prediction based on the Bayesian approach that logically integrates motion monitoring data with simulated motion predictions of FOWTs, considering uncertainties in the environment model, structural properties, motion prediction method, monitoring data, etc. The approach consists of constructing a prior probability density function (PDF) of a random variable (which characterizes the largest value of the initial motion response) via numerical simulations and a likelihood function based on platform motion monitoring data and deriving a posterior PDF of the random variable by Bayesian updating. Then, posterior distributions of short-term extreme motion responses are derived using the posterior PDF of the random variable, representing lower uncertainty and improved accuracy. A Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is adopted to obtain PDFs of complex probability distributions. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on a real FOWT platform in Scotland. The proposed probabilistic prediction approach results in posterior distributions of short-term extreme platform motions associated with less uncertainty and higher accuracy, which is attributed to integrating prior knowledge with monitoring data.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Performance of Ships and Offshore Structures)
Open AccessArticle
Ship-Radiated Noise Separation in Underwater Acoustic Environments Using a Deep Time-Domain Network
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Qunyi He, Haitao Wang, Xiangyang Zeng and Anqi Jin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060885 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
Ship-radiated noise separation is critical in both military and economic domains. However, due to the complex underwater environments with multiple noise sources and reverberation, separating ship-radiated noise poses a significant challenge. Traditionally, underwater acoustic signal separation has employed blind source separation methods based
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Ship-radiated noise separation is critical in both military and economic domains. However, due to the complex underwater environments with multiple noise sources and reverberation, separating ship-radiated noise poses a significant challenge. Traditionally, underwater acoustic signal separation has employed blind source separation methods based on independent component analysis. Recently, the separation of underwater acoustic signals has been approached as a deep learning problem. This involves learning the features of ship-radiated noise from training data. This paper introduces a deep time-domain network for ship-radiated noise separation by leveraging the power of parallel dilated convolution and group convolution. The separation layer employs parallel dilated convolution operations with varying expansion factors to better extract low-frequency features from the signal envelope while preserving detailed information. Additionally, we use group convolution to reduce the expansion of network size caused by parallel convolution operations, enabling the network to maintain a smaller size and computational complexity while achieving good separation performance. The proposed approach is demonstrated to be superior to the other common networks in the DeepShip dataset through comprehensive comparisons.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Status and Challenges of Marine Current Turbines: A Global Review
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Yajing Gu, Tian Zou, Hongwei Liu, Yonggang Lin, He Ren and Qingjun Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060884 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
Over the past few decades, marine current energy utilization has transitioned from conceptual demonstrations to industrial-scale prototypes. This progression now approaches a crucial phase emphasizing the need for industrialization and commercialization. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the developmental status of large-scale
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Over the past few decades, marine current energy utilization has transitioned from conceptual demonstrations to industrial-scale prototypes. This progression now approaches a crucial phase emphasizing the need for industrialization and commercialization. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the developmental status of large-scale marine current turbines and arrays, underscoring the promising prospects for marine current energy systems. Despite the significant advancements, the deployment of these systems has revealed several challenges, including blade design optimization, transmission system selection, and the establishment of appropriate test sites. Addressing these issues is essential for technological maturity and economic feasibility, which will foster the next wave of innovation in marine energy systems. Furthermore, the paper offers various perspectives for future applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Technology: Latest Advancements and Prospects)
Open AccessArticle
State-Transform MPC-SMC-Based Trajectory Tracking Control of Cross-Rudder AUV Carrying Out Underwater Searching Tasks
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Haochen Hong, Zhiqiang Yang, Jiawei Li, Guohua Xu, Yingkai Xia and Kan Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060883 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
Abstract: In this study, we present a novel dual-loop robust trajectory tracking framework for autonomous underwater vehicles, with the objective of enhancing their performance in underwater searching tasks amidst oceanic disturbances. Initially, a real-world AUV experiment is conducted to validate the efficacy of
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Abstract: In this study, we present a novel dual-loop robust trajectory tracking framework for autonomous underwater vehicles, with the objective of enhancing their performance in underwater searching tasks amidst oceanic disturbances. Initially, a real-world AUV experiment is conducted to validate the efficacy of a cross-rudder AUV configuration in maintaining sailing angle stability during the diving stage, which exhibits a strong capability for straight-line sailing. Building upon the experimental findings, we introduce a state-transform-model predictive guide law to compute the desired velocity for the dynamics loop. This guide law dynamically adjusts the controller across varying depths, thereby reducing model predictive control (MPC) computation while optimizing timing without compromising precision or convergence speed. Subsequently, we incorporate a sliding mode controller with a prescribed disturbance observer into the velocity control loop to concurrently enhance the robustness and convergence rate of the system. This innovative amalgamation of controllers significantly improves tracking precision and convergence rate, while also alleviating the computational burden—a pervasive challenge in AUV MPC control. Finally, various condition simulations are conducted to validate the robustness, effectiveness, and superiority of the proposed method. These simulations underscore the enhanced performance and reliability of our proposed trajectory tracking framework, highlighting its potential utility in real-world AUV applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
GL-STGCNN: Enhancing Multi-Ship Trajectory Prediction with MPC Correction
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Yuegao Wu, Wanneng Yv, Guangmiao Zeng, Yifan Shang and Weiqiang Liao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060882 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
In addressing the challenges of trajectory prediction in multi-ship interaction scenarios and aiming to improve the accuracy of multi-ship trajectory prediction, this paper proposes a multi-ship trajectory prediction model, GL-STGCNN. The GL-STGCNN model employs a ship interaction adjacency matrix extraction module to obtain
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In addressing the challenges of trajectory prediction in multi-ship interaction scenarios and aiming to improve the accuracy of multi-ship trajectory prediction, this paper proposes a multi-ship trajectory prediction model, GL-STGCNN. The GL-STGCNN model employs a ship interaction adjacency matrix extraction module to obtain a more reasonable ship interaction adjacency matrix. Additionally, after obtaining the distribution of predicted trajectories using the model, a model predictive control trajectory correction method is introduced to enhance the accuracy and reasonability of the predicted trajectories. Through quantitative analysis of different datasets, it was observed that GL-STGCNN outperforms previous prediction models with a 31.8% improvement in the average displacement error metric and a 16.8% improvement in the final displacement error metric. Furthermore, trajectory correction through model predictive control shows a performance boost of 44.5% based on the initial predicted trajectory distribution. While GL-STGCNN excels in multi-ship interaction trajectory prediction by reasonably modeling ship interaction adjacency matrices and employing trajectory correction, its performance may vary in different datasets and ship motion patterns. Future work could focus on adapting the model’s ship interaction adjacency matrix modeling to diverse environmental scenarios for enhanced performance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Ontology-Based Method for Identifying Abnormal Ship Behavior: A Navigation Rule Perspective
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Chunhui Zhou, Kunlong Wen, Junnan Zhao, Ziyuan Bian, Taotao Lu, Myo Ko Ko Latt and Chengli Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060881 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
Navigation rules are critical for regulating ship behavior, and effective water traffic management requires accurate identification of ships exhibiting abnormal behavior that violates these rules. To address this need, this paper presents an ontology-based method for identifying abnormal ship behavior. First, we analyzed
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Navigation rules are critical for regulating ship behavior, and effective water traffic management requires accurate identification of ships exhibiting abnormal behavior that violates these rules. To address this need, this paper presents an ontology-based method for identifying abnormal ship behavior. First, we analyzed navigation rules (local regulations) to extract key elements. Next, based on this extraction, we built a navigation rule ontology that categorized ship behavior into state behavior (ship behavior at a specific time point) and process behavior (ship behavior in a time interval). We then constructed an abnormal ship behavior ontology, defined using topological relationships and navigation rules. Finally, we constructed inference rules to detect abnormal ship behaviors by using SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) and validated the effectiveness of the method with ship instances. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can accurately infer ships’ behaviors that deviate from established navigation rules. This research has significant implications for reducing waterborne traffic accidents, improving navigational safety, and safeguarding maritime traffic.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safe Maneuvering, Efficient Navigation and Intelligent Management for Ships)
Open AccessArticle
Numerical Investigation on Mooring Line Configurations of a Semisubmersible Fish Farm for Global Performance
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Mingjia Chen, Liuyi Huang, Hui Cheng and Qianli Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060880 (registering DOI) - 25 May 2024
Abstract
The growth of the aquaculture industry has led to the development of innovative fish farming technologies, such as semisubmersible fish farms which offer significant advantages in terms of scalability and environmental sustainability. The study utilizes a new workflow based on an open-source finite
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The growth of the aquaculture industry has led to the development of innovative fish farming technologies, such as semisubmersible fish farms which offer significant advantages in terms of scalability and environmental sustainability. The study utilizes a new workflow based on an open-source finite element solver, Code_Aster, to calculate the hydrodynamic dynamic response of a fish farm. The mooring line configuration of a semisubmersible fish farm plays a crucial role in ensuring its stability and overall performance. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation aimed at evaluating the influence of different mooring line configurations (i.e., 4 × 1, 4 × 2, and 4 × 3) on the global performance of a semisubmersible fish farm under regular waves and irregular waves conditions. Increasing the number of mooring lines can reduce the mean and extreme tension in individual mooring lines and suppress the horizontal motions, but bring neglectable effects on the rotational responses. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the optimal mooring line configuration for the global performance of semisubmersible fish farms.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Sustainable Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
A Pilot Study on the Diel Vertical Migration Pattern of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Southern and Central South China Sea
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Jun Zhang, Yan’e Jiang, Yuyan Gong, Yancong Cai, Xiaolan Kong, Han Tian, Qingqing Diao and Zuozhi Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060879 (registering DOI) - 25 May 2024
Abstract
The diel vertical migration of mesopelagic fishes in the southern (S-May station and S-Nov station) and central (C-Jun station and C-Dec station) South China Sea was investigated through a series of continuous field surveys conducted in May, June, November, and December 2017. These
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The diel vertical migration of mesopelagic fishes in the southern (S-May station and S-Nov station) and central (C-Jun station and C-Dec station) South China Sea was investigated through a series of continuous field surveys conducted in May, June, November, and December 2017. These surveys employed a combination of mid-water trawl and acoustics techniques. The diel migration process, vertical distribution, acoustic migration proportion, and migration pattern of mesopelagic fishes were analyzed. The results revealed that mesopelagic fishes initiated an upward migration before sunset, with the process concluding within 30–120 min after dark. Subsequently, they commenced a downward migration before dawn, which terminated within 10–50 min after sunrise. The mesopelagic deep-sea layers of mesopelagic fishes at the S-May, S-Nov, C-Jun, and C-Dec stations ranged from 360 to 700 m, 350 to 680 m, 350 to 520 m, and 300 to 700 m, respectively. The acoustic migration proportions of mesopelagic fishes at the corresponding stations were found to be approximately 44.5%, 25.7%, 29.8%, and 58.0%, respectively. There were seasonal and regional differences in the vertical migration and distribution patterns of mesopelagic fishes in the South China Sea. A total of 228 species were identified, including 203 fish species, 23 cephalopod species, and 2 shark species. Among these, a subset of 43 fish and cephalopod species exhibited extensive diel vertical migrating behavior. Specifically, this subset comprised 23 lanternfish species, 8 cephalopod species, and 12 other fish species. Lanternfishes were the predominant diel vertical migratory species, while cephalopods also played a significant role in diel vertical migration. The diel migration behavior was found to be slight for Diaphus lucidus, Melamphaes microps, Argyropelecus affinis, and six other fish species. Non-migratory behavior was observed in Sternoptyx obscura, Argyropelecus sladeni, Sternoptyx diaphana, and 13 other fish species. The diel migration habits of 178 additional species of fish, cephalopods, and sharks could not be definitively determined.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Ecology)
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Open AccessArticle
Formation Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Using an Improved Nonlinear Backstepping Method
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Gang Shao, Lei Wan and Huixi Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060878 (registering DOI) - 25 May 2024
Abstract
The characteristics of autonomous underwater vehicles include nonlinearity, strong coupling, multiple inputs and multiple outputs, uncertainty, strong disturbance, underdrive, and multiple constraints. Autonomous underwater vehicle cluster systems are associated with large-scale complex dynamic systems through local perception or network communication, which have the
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The characteristics of autonomous underwater vehicles include nonlinearity, strong coupling, multiple inputs and multiple outputs, uncertainty, strong disturbance, underdrive, and multiple constraints. Autonomous underwater vehicle cluster systems are associated with large-scale complex dynamic systems through local perception or network communication, which have the structural characteristics of “complex dynamic + association topology + interaction rules”. To solve the problem of formation trajectory tracking of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles, a controller was designed on the basis of an improved nonlinear backstepping algorithm, cascade system theory, and the Lyapunov direct method. In this design, the formation is determined from the actual trajectory of the leader autonomous underwater vehicle. The formation control rate is determined using the backstepping method and Lyapunov theory. Nonlinear disturbance observers were added to ensure that the trajectory error of the formation control could be quickly reduced in a real case with interference. The stability and effectiveness of this method were verified through simulation experiments. The robustness of the control algorithm was verified using two simulation cases, and the simulation results show that the proposed control method can maintain the expected formation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in New Concepts of Underwater Robotics)
Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Initial Fire Extinguishing System for Marine ESS
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Seung-Yul Lee, In-Chul Park, Jeong-Hoon Park and Hyo-Seok Jung
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060877 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
A fire in a marine energy storage system (ESS) has a high risk because of the special situation of the sea compared with land systems. To mitigate serious damage in the event of a fire in marine ESSs, initial suppression of the fire
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A fire in a marine energy storage system (ESS) has a high risk because of the special situation of the sea compared with land systems. To mitigate serious damage in the event of a fire in marine ESSs, initial suppression of the fire is extremely important. In this study, a unit module-based fire extinguishing system was constructed for the initial suppression of an ESS fire, and a unit module fire suppression test was conducted. In addition, multiple modules were constructed to evaluate the impact of unit module fire suppression on adjacent modules. Novec 1230 and F-500, which are adaptable to ESS fire control, were used as extinguishing agents. The fire suppression test results showed that both extinguishing agents could effectively suppress the ESS fire in the initial stage using the proposed fire extinguishing system. The results of this study will contribute to the development of maritime safety protocols and practical measures for reinforcing preparation for ESS-related fire accidents.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Analysis of Wind Energy Potential in Sri Lankan Waters Based on ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) and CCMP (Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform)
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Jinglong Yao, Yating Miao, P. B. Terney Pradeep Kumara, K. Arulananthan, Zhenqiu Zhang and Wei Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060876 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Amid global energy demands and environmental concerns, the exploration of renewable energy sources has become critically important. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of wind energy dynamics over a 35-year period (1988–2022) using CCMP and ERA5 datasets. It focuses on the spatial and
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Amid global energy demands and environmental concerns, the exploration of renewable energy sources has become critically important. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of wind energy dynamics over a 35-year period (1988–2022) using CCMP and ERA5 datasets. It focuses on the spatial and temporal characteristics of wind energy within the region, particularly its distribution. The wind field in Sri Lanka has significant seasonal and regional characteristics. Despite seasonal variations, the overall wind activity remains moderate, with speeds generally above 5.4 m/s and annual average wind power densities exceeding 150 W/m2, reaching up to 200 W/m2 in certain areas. The two primary wind directions in the waters near Sri Lanka are WSW and NE. The study identifies periods of high stability, particularly from June to August, where effective wind speed occurrence (EWSO) exceeds 80%. A ‘W’-shaped pattern in monthly variations corresponds with changes in wind power density (WPD), highlighting optimal periods for wind energy extraction. Additionally, estimated reserves and technically exploitable wind energy resources (WERs) suggest that wind energy development off Sri Lanka is feasible, with potential capacities of approximately 2.00 GW and 1.60 GW, respectively. The overall coefficient of variation (CV) is small, indicating stable wind energy conditions. This analysis not only provides a scientific basis for evaluating WERs near Sri Lanka but also offers valuable insights for strategic planning and development in the renewable energy sector.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Environmental Science)
Open AccessArticle
Free and Forced Vibration Characteristics of a Composite Stiffened Plate Based on Energy Method
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Xin Gu, Xianzhong Wang, Weiguo Wu, Jie Sun, Yongshui Lin and Yueming Fang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060875 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
The composite stiffened plate has garnered significant attention in the lightweight design of ship structures due to its superior mechanical properties. Although it reduces the structural weight, it also increases vibration sensitivity. Thus, investigating the vibration characteristics of the composite stiffened plate is
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The composite stiffened plate has garnered significant attention in the lightweight design of ship structures due to its superior mechanical properties. Although it reduces the structural weight, it also increases vibration sensitivity. Thus, investigating the vibration characteristics of the composite stiffened plate is crucial. This paper proposed a theoretical model based on the energy principle and the improved Fourier series method (IFSM) to analyze the composite stiffened plate vibration characteristics. The model demonstrates high reliability and accuracy, as confirmed through convergence analysis and comparison with experimental results from the published literature. Results indicate that geometry and material parameters significantly impact the natural frequency and can mitigate vibration responses by increasing thickness and stiffness. Additionally, ply design parameters markedly influence the vibration of composite stiffened plates, enhancing low-frequency vibration performance through optimal ply design. The structural parameters of the stiffeners, particularly the height and number of stiffeners, play a crucial role, enhancing stiffness and reducing the vibration responses of the composite stiffened plates.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Angle of Arrival Estimator Utilizing the Minimum Number of Omnidirectional Microphones
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Jonghoek Kim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060874 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
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In sound signal processing, angle of arrival indicates the direction from which a propagating sound signal arrives at a point where multiple omnidirectional microphones are positioned. Considering a small underwater platform (e.g., underwater unmanned vehicle), this article addresses how to estimate a non-cooperative
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In sound signal processing, angle of arrival indicates the direction from which a propagating sound signal arrives at a point where multiple omnidirectional microphones are positioned. Considering a small underwater platform (e.g., underwater unmanned vehicle), this article addresses how to estimate a non-cooperative target’s signal direction utilizing the minimum number of omnidirectional microphones. It is desirable to use the minimum number of microphones, since one can reduce the cost and size of the platform by using small number of omnidirectional microphones. Suppose that each microphone measures a real-valued sound signal whose speed and frequency information are not known in advance. Since two microphones cannot determine a unique AOA solution, this study presents how to estimate the angle of arrival using a general configuration composed of three omnidirectional microphones. The effectiveness of the proposed angle of arrival estimator utilizing only three microphones is demonstrated by comparing it with the state-of-the-art estimation algorithm through computer simulations.
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Investigation of the Seabed Dynamic Response to a Perforated Semi-Circular Breakwater
by
Yikang Gao, Guangsheng Wang, Tong Yu, Yanhao Yang, Titi Sui, Jingang Liu and Dawei Guan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 873; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060873 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
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The semi-circular breakwater (SBW) has been implemented at numerous global locations due to its outstanding wave dissipation effectiveness and high structural performance. This study extends prior research by investigating the seabed dynamic response and hydrodynamic response characteristics around perforated SBWs. A coupled numerical
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The semi-circular breakwater (SBW) has been implemented at numerous global locations due to its outstanding wave dissipation effectiveness and high structural performance. This study extends prior research by investigating the seabed dynamic response and hydrodynamic response characteristics around perforated SBWs. A coupled numerical model is developed to integrate waves, a semi-circular breakwater, and a sandy seabed. Wave behavior is simulated using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k-ε turbulence closure scheme, and the seabed response is numerically simulated using Biot’s full-dynamic (u-w) equations. After verifying computational accuracy, a series of tests is conducted to explore the effects of marine environments and SBW characteristics. Test results reveal a positive correlation between seabed response and wave height, wave period, and perforation number, while showing a negative correlation between seabed response and water depth and perforation rate. The basic perforation type is more effective than front and rear perforation types in maintaining a stable flow field and seabed response. These findings provide insights for designing SBWs for effective wave dissipation and seabed stability in complex marine environments, offering valuable recommendations for future designs.
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Open AccessArticle
Ship Bridge OOW Activity Status Detection Using Wi-Fi Beamforming Feedback Information
by
Mengda Chen, Liang Zhang, Yang Liu, Yifan Zhang, Cheng Liu and Mozi Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060872 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Officers on Watch (OOWs) of the ship’s bridge play a vital role in maritime navigation safety, monitoring the ship’s navigational status, and ensuring maritime safety. The status of inactive watch officers, such as fatigued driving and negligence on lookout, is one of the
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Officers on Watch (OOWs) of the ship’s bridge play a vital role in maritime navigation safety, monitoring the ship’s navigational status, and ensuring maritime safety. The status of inactive watch officers, such as fatigued driving and negligence on lookout, is one of the main causes of accidents. Intelligent technology for real-time perception and state evaluation of ship OOWs significantly reduces accidents caused by human factors. The traditional computer vision method is difficult to adapt to the complex environment of a ship bridge, and carries strong privacy risks. With the development of Internet of Things technology, sensing technology based on ubiquitous Wi-Fi devices provides a new way to accurately monitor the status of ship OOWs. In this paper, we use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Wi-Fi devices to propose a ship driving activity state detection method based on beamforming feedback information (BFI). Using wireless sensing data to sense the number of OOWs and their driving behavior realizes low-cost and high-precision detection of the behavioral status of the ship’s bridge watchkeeper. Experiments were conducted in a ship-driving simulation laboratory and on a real-world Yangtze River cruise ship. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves 92.4% and 98.1% accuracy for tracking active status and estimating the number of OOWs, respectively.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
FSN-YOLO: Nearshore Vessel Detection via Fusing Receptive-Field Attention and Lightweight Network
by
Na Du, Qing Feng, Qichuang Liu, Hui Li and Shikai Guo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060871 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Vessel detection is critical for ensuring maritime transportation and navigational safety, creating a pressing need for detection methodologies that are more efficient, precise, and intelligent in the maritime domain. Nonetheless, accurately detecting vessels across multiple scales remains challenging due to the diversity in
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Vessel detection is critical for ensuring maritime transportation and navigational safety, creating a pressing need for detection methodologies that are more efficient, precise, and intelligent in the maritime domain. Nonetheless, accurately detecting vessels across multiple scales remains challenging due to the diversity in vessel types and locations, similarities in ship hull shapes, and disturbances from complex environmental conditions. To address these issues, we introduce an innovative FSN-YOLO framework that utilizes enhanced YOLOv8 with multi-layer attention feature fusion. Specifically, FSN-YOLO employs the backbone structure of FasterNet, enriching feature representations through super-resolution processing with a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), thereby achieving a balance between processing speed and model size without compromising accuracy. Furthermore, FSN-YOLO uses the Receptive-Field Attention (RFA) mechanism to adaptively fine-tune the feature responses between channels, significantly boosting the network’s capacity to capture critical information and, in turn, improve the model’s overall performance and enrich the discriminative feature representation of ships. Experimental validation on the Seaship7000 dataset showed that, compared to the baseline YOLOv8l approach, FSN-YOLO considerably increased accuracy, recall rates, and [email protected]:0.95 by absolute margins of 0.82%, 1.54%, and 1.56%, respectively, positioning it at the forefront of current state-of-the-art models.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Marine Vehicles: Navigation, Control and Sensing)
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